Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Early Dynastic Period of Egypt began around 3150 BC, following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, and lasted until approximately 2686 BC. It encompasses the First Dynasty and the Second Dynasty, ending at the start of the Old Kingdom.
The first pharaoh is recorded in ancient sources as Menes, whom scholars today generally identify with Narmer, the earliest documented First Dynasty monarch. Narmer's name appears on necropolis seal impressions of later First Dynasty kings Den and Qa'a, indicating he was recognized as a founding figure.
Memphis became the capital of Egypt with the First Dynasty, replacing Thinis, the hometown of the early dynastic rulers. Abydos in the south remained the major centre of ancient Egyptian religion throughout the period.
The earliest likely complete sentence in Egyptian hieroglyphs is a seal impression from the tomb of Peribsen, dating to approximately 2660-2650 BC. The sentence reads: "Sealing of everything of Ombos (i.e., Naqada): He of Ombos has joined the Two Lands for his son, the Dual King Peribsen."
During the Early Dynastic Period, Egypt extended its authority as far north as modern Tel Aviv and as far south as the second cataract in Nubia. Egyptian settlements in southern Canaan are documented from about 3200 BC, and 20 serekhs attributed to Narmer have been found in Canaan.
The mastaba, a flat-roofed rectangular tomb built for the elite, was developed during the Early Dynastic Period and became the direct architectural model for the step pyramids of the Old Kingdom. Central government buildings were typically open-air temples constructed of wood or sandstone.