Short answers, pulled from the story.
George Smith was the first person in history to be convicted of driving a motor vehicle while intoxicated on the 10th of September 1897. He was a London taxi driver who was fined 25 shillings under the drunk in charge provision of the 1872 Licensing Act.
California requires actual movement of the vehicle to constitute a crime while most US states charge individuals for being in physical control of a motor vehicle even if the engine is off. The 1977 case State v. Graves clarified that drive denotes movement whereas operate includes acts which engage the machinery of the vehicle.
The Drug Evaluation and Classification program uses a twelve-step process to identify the specific category of drugs affecting a suspect. This process includes a breath alcohol test, an interview with the arresting officer, evaluation of the eyes, psychomotor tests, vital signs, dark room examinations, muscle tone checks, and an inspection of injection sites.
A single citation for driving under the influence causes a major increase in car insurance premiums and often results in the total invalidation of car insurance. In the American system drivers face full financial responsibility for all damages in the event of a crash while the German model focuses on revoking licenses until fitness to drive is established again.
Laws vary significantly between countries with some jurisdictions using sobriety checkpoints and prison sentences while others focus on rehabilitation and education. The European Union is negotiating new rules for the European driving license with a proposal for an EU-wide two-year probationary period without alcohol and Taiwan requires all alcoholic products to attach a sign prohibiting drinking and driving.