Short answers, pulled from the story.
Evidence for drawing exists before written language, with cave and rock paintings appearing around 30,000 years ago during the Art of the Upper Paleolithic period. These early drawings functioned as pictograms that depicted objects and abstract concepts.
Albrecht Dürer and Martin Schongauer established master engraving traditions in Northern Europe around the late 15th century. Schongauer came from Alsace and was born into a family of goldsmiths while Dürer followed as a master of the next generation also the son of a goldsmith.
Dry media includes graphite, charcoal, pastels, Conté, and silverpoint. Metalpoint drawing employs metals such as silver, lead, gold, platinum, copper, brass, bronze, and tin.
In 1609 astronomer Galileo Galilei explained changing phases of Venus through observational telescopic drawings. Drawing diagrams serves as an important part of scientific study and discovery for explaining phenomena like planetary phases.
Perception of objects being drawn represents the most important stage according to robust relationships found between perception and ability. John Ruskin stated that seeing keenly enough makes drawing what we see nearly easy.