Short answers, pulled from the story.
Donald Duck is a cartoon character created by the Walt Disney Company. His first appearance was in the 1934 cartoon The Wise Little Hen, part of the Silly Symphonies series, though his temperamental personality emerged in his second 1934 appearance, Orphans' Benefit.
Donald Duck's full name is Donald Fauntleroy Duck. It was revealed on his Selective Service draft card in the 1942 cartoon Donald Gets Drafted.
Clarence Nash was Donald Duck's original voice and performed him for 50 years, last voicing him in Mickey's Christmas Carol in 1983 before his death in 1985. Since then, Disney animator Tony Anselmo, who was mentored by Nash, has performed the voice.
During World War II, Donald Duck starred in propaganda films including Der Fuehrer's Face, which won the 1942 Academy Award for Animated Short Film, and a six-film Army mini-series. His face appeared on the nose of the B-25 bomber the Ruptured Duck during the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo on the 18th of April 1942.
Donald Duck is the most successful Disney character in the Nordic countries, where people recognize him better than Mickey Mouse, and by 2005 about one in four Norwegians read his weekly comic. In Germany his comics sell an average of 250,000 copies each week, with dialogue that quotes German literature and turns philosophical.
Donald Duck was most famously drawn by Al Taliaferro, Carl Barks, and Don Rosa. Barks expanded the Donald Duck universe and created Scrooge McDuck, while Don Rosa won two Eisner Awards for his 12-part series on the life of Scrooge McDuck.
Yes, Donald Duck was listed as a hired employee in the database of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development as late as 1978. He was given a $99,999 salary as one of thirty fictitious names used by the Government Accounting Office to test whether the payroll system could be defrauded.
Paperinik, known outside Italy as the Duck Avenger, is Donald Duck's superhero alter ego in Italian comics, created in 1969 by Guido Martina. In Italy Donald is named Paolino Paperino and is portrayed as a chronically unlucky everyman.