Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first edition of Don Quixote appeared on the 16th of January 1605. Miguel de Cervantes sold the rights to his novel in July 1604 and received a printing license from Francisco de Robles in September of that same year.
Alonso Quijano renames himself Don Quixote after reading chivalric romances until madness takes him. He dons an old suit of armor and names his workhorse Rocinante while designating Aldonza Lorenzo as Dulcinea del Toboso.
Approximately seventy copies of the initial four hundred copy run reached Lima despite a shipwreck near Havana destroying many shipments. These books traveled from there to Cuzco within the heart of the defunct Inca Empire.
The adjective quixotic defines foolishly impractical pursuits marked by rash romanticism. It derives from the name Quixote which refers to cuisses protecting thighs in armor.
Thomas Shelton's translation of Part One appeared in 1612 during Cervantes' lifetime yet lacked satisfactory fidelity to the source. This edition was published seven years after Part One originally appeared.