Short answers, pulled from the story.
Melinda A. Zeder defined domestication as a long-term relationship where humans take control and care of another organism for predictable resources. This process distinguishes itself from taming an individual animal because it changes entire species over generations.
Dogs became the first animals domesticated by humans at least 15,000 years ago. They served as commensals adapting to human niches before agriculture existed in the Near East around 11,000 years ago when goats, sheep, and cows followed.
Agriculture developed in approximately 13 centers around the world with each region domesticating different crops and animals independently. Neolithic societies in West Asia began cultivating plants around 13,000 to 11,000 years ago while Indigenous peoples in the Americas started growing peanuts, squash, maize, potatoes, cotton, and cassava beginning around 10,000 years ago.
Common traits include floppy ears, smaller brains, and shorter muzzles known as domestication syndrome. These changes affect genes controlling behavior in animals while wild counterparts tend to be larger and more aggressive than their domesticated forms.
At least three groups of insects including Ambrosia beetles, leafcutter ants, and fungus-growing termites have independently domesticated species of fungi they feed upon. Fungus-growing termites cultivate Termitomyces fungi to eat exactly once between 25, 40 million years ago.