Short answers, pulled from the story.
Dmitri Mendeleev was born on the 8th of February 1834 in the remote village of Verkhnie Aremzyani near Tobolsk, Siberia. He was the youngest of seventeen children, though only fourteen survived infancy.
Dmitri Mendeleev predicted the existence of three unknown elements named ekasilicon, ekaaluminium, and ekaboron using Sanskrit prefixes. He also predicted the existence of the actinides, a row of elements heavier than the lanthanides, which were later discovered to fit perfectly into his table.
Dmitri Mendeleev was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the last three years of his life, 1905, 1906, and 1907, but he was never awarded the prize due to the opposition of Svante Arrhenius. The Nobel Committee for Chemistry recommended to the Swedish Academy to award the prize to Henri Moissan instead, with Arrhenius opposing Mendeleev's candidacy.
Dmitri Mendeleev did not set the 40% standard strength of vodka because the standard was already introduced by the Russian government in 1843 when he was nine years old. His 1865 doctoral dissertation discussed medical-strength alcohol concentrations over 70%, and he never wrote anything about vodka.
Dmitri Mendeleev died on the 2nd of February 1907 in Saint Petersburg from influenza at the age of 72. His last words to his physician were, Doctor, you have science, I have faith, which is possibly a Jules Verne quote.