Short answers, pulled from the story.
DJ Kool Herc, born Clive Campbell on the 16th of April, 1955, in Kingston, Jamaica, is widely referred to as the founder of hip hop. At a party he hosted with his sister Cindy on the 11th of August, 1973, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx, he introduced breakbeat DJing, using two copies of the same record to extend the percussive drum break into a continuous loop, forming the basis of hip hop music.
The Merry-Go-Round is a DJing technique Herc first introduced in 1973 in which he switched between the breaks of different records at the peak of the party, using two turntables. He described it as taking the listener back and forth with no slack. The earliest known version involved playing breaks from James Brown's "Give It Up or Turnit a Loose", "Bongo Rock" by the Incredible Bongo Band, and "The Mexican" by Babe Ruth.
DJ Kool Herc hosted his first influential party at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx, New York City, on the 11th of August, 1973. The event was organized by his sister Cindy, who wanted to earn money for back-to-school clothes. New York state officials later declared the building the birthplace of hip hop in the summer of 2007.
DJ Kool Herc coined the terms b-boy and b-girl to describe the dancers who moved to his breaks, short for break-boy and break-girl. He noted that breaking was also Bronx street slang of the time for getting excited or acting energetically. The terms remain in official use in the sport of breaking more than fifty years later.
Afrika Bambaataa first heard Kool Herc in 1973 and began DJing in his style by 1975, converting his gang followers into the non-violent Zulu Nation in the process. Grandmaster Flash, who called Herc a hero, also began DJing in Herc's style in 1975 and by 1976 was performing at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan with his MCs The Furious Five.
DJ Kool Herc was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on the 3rd of November, 2023, in the Musical Influence Award category.