Short answers, pulled from the story.
Archbishop Thomas Becket died in the year 1170 after being murdered by knights loyal to King Henry II of England. This violent event marked a turning point in how European rulers understood their power and accountability.
James VI of Scotland wrote his Basilikon Doron between 1597 and 1598 as a manual on royal powers for his four-year-old son Henry Frederick. When James became James I of England in 1603, he printed his Defense of the Right of Kings to counter English theories of popular and clerical rights based partly on biblical understanding.
The Hindu text Mahabharata contains several concepts of kingship underscoring its divine origins within the Rajadharmanusasana Parva where Bhishma describes the period before men had kings when chaos reigned all around. In this tradition, the king is considered an embodiment of Indra and fealty to him counts as submitting to divine authority.
The execution of Charles I proclaimed the victory of parliamentary principle to all the world during the English Civil War which became the decisive conflict between divine right theory and popular contract theories. This event marked a turning point where divine right faced direct challenge through armed conflict and eventual regicide.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 ended absolute monarchy in Britain and shifted sovereignty toward parliament making an end of divine right as great political force across Europe. Constitutional development of Crown in Britain followed held by descent modified and modifiable by parliamentary action.