Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Battle of Diu took place in 1509 and resulted in a decisive victory for Portugal over a combined force of Mamluks, Venetians, Ragusians, and the Sultan of Gujarat. This conflict secured Portuguese dominance over Indian Ocean trade routes.
Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, signed an alliance with the Portuguese in 1535 that allowed them to construct a fort on the island. The agreement proved short-lived as tensions quickly resurfaced between the two sides.
A second siege arrived in 1546 under Coja Sofar and Fernando de Castro while João Mascarenhas commanded land forces and João de Castro directed naval operations. Both leaders perished during the struggle yet the fortress held firm against the attackers.
Operation Vijay began on the 19th of December 1961 when Indian Union troops moved into Diu with overwhelming land, sea, and air strikes. The battle continued for exactly 48 hours before the Portuguese garrison surrendered.
By April 2018 reports confirmed that Diu became India's first city running on 100 percent renewable energy during daytime hours. Local authorities implemented solar power systems and wind energy initiatives across public facilities to achieve this status.