Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first commercial digital video recorder was the Sony DVR-1000, introduced in 1987. It recorded digital video onto D-1 digital video cassettes and functioned as a digital video cassette recorder.
TiVo and ReplayTV were both launched at the 1999 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada. TiVo shipped its first units on the 31st of March 1999, and ReplayTV won the Best of Show award in the video category at the show.
SONICblue acquired ReplayTV in 2001 and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in March 2003 after fighting a copyright infringement suit over the DVR's commercial-skipping feature. DirecTV purchased ReplayTV's remaining assets in 2007.
The Tektronix Profile PDR100 Video Disk Recorder, introduced in early 1995, was the first hard-disk-based video recorder to see significant commercial broadcast use. It recorded video as motion JPEG and was used by Sweden's TV4 in Stockholm and by NBC at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. The device won an Engineering, Science and Technology Emmy Award at the 1996 Primetime Emmy Awards.
Cablevision lost its initial case on the 23rd of March 2007 but won its appeal on the 4th of August 2008. Second Circuit judge John M. Walker Jr. ruled that the network DVR technology would not directly infringe on media companies' rights. The United States Supreme Court later declined to hear an appeal.
DVRs were in use in 38 percent of all United States television households by 2010, up from 32 percent in 2009. Viewership among adults aged 18 to 40 ran 40 percent higher in homes with a DVR than in homes without one.