Short answers, pulled from the story.
Edgar Allan Poe created the character C. Auguste Dupin in 1841. Dupin appeared in three stories beginning with The Murders in the Rue Morgue and solved crimes through pure intellect and observation rather than brute force.
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction occurred between the 1920s and the 1950s. Catholic priest Ronald Knox published a Decalogue of ten commandments in 1929 that dictated how a detective story should be constructed to be considered a true whodunit.
The hardboiled detective style emerged in the United States during the 1920s from the rise of organized crime and public fascination with figures like Al Capone. Writers like Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler focused on the harsh realities of the criminal underworld using flawed individuals who relied on wits and physical strength to survive.
Huo Sang is the famous Chinese detective created by Cheng Xiaoqing and often referred to as the Oriental Sherlock Holmes. He embodies the rational and analytical spirit of the modern detective and appeared in stories that followed the translation of Sherlock Holmes into Chinese in 1896.
The Silence of the Lambs was published in 1988 and represents the serial killer subgenre of detective fiction. This subgenre is much more violent and suspenseful than other mysteries and often shows the activities of many members of a police force or government agency in their efforts to apprehend a killer.