Denny was a female hominin who died approximately 90,000 years ago, at least thirteen years old, in what is now the Altai Mountains of Siberia. She is the only confirmed first-generation offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father ever discovered.
Where was Denny's fossil found?
Denny's fossil was found inside Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains of Siberia. Russian archaeologists recovered the bone fragment in 2012 from layer 12 of the East Gallery of the cave.
How did scientists identify Denny as a Neanderthal-Denisovan hybrid?
Scientists at the University of Oxford used Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry to identify the bone fragment DC1227 as belonging to an archaic human. Paleogeneticists Viviane Slon and Svante Pääbo at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig then sequenced the full genome, finding nearly equal proportions of Neanderthal and Denisovan ancestry, and confirmed she was female through analysis of her X chromosomes and autosomes.
How old was Denny when she died?
Denny died at least thirteen years old, based on the cortical thickness of her bone fragment. Dating analyses conducted in 2016 determined she died approximately 90,000 years ago.
What did Denny's genome reveal about her Denisovan father?
Denny's Denisovan father carried Neanderthal ancestry introduced into his lineage from 300 to 600 generations before his own lifetime. Denny's genome is therefore the first direct evidence of at least two separate episodes of interbreeding between Neanderthals and Denisovans.
What percentage of modern human DNA comes from Neanderthals and Denisovans, as shown by research connected to Denny's discovery?
Modern Eurasian genomes carry approximately 2% Neanderthal DNA, while modern Melanesian people carry an average of 4-6% Denisovan DNA. Denny's discovery provided the first direct physical evidence of the interbreeding events that left these genetic traces in living populations.