Short answers, pulled from the story.
The decolonisation of Asia spanned from 1662, when Dutch Formosa ended, to 2002, when the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste gained independence from Indonesia. The process lasted approximately three and a half centuries.
France controlled Indochina, establishing the colony in 1862 and occupying the present-day territories of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia by 1887. Cambodia gained independence in 1953, and French rule over the region effectively ended by 1954.
Japan occupied vast swaths of Asia during World War II, including Burma, Cambodia, the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, Singapore and Hong Kong. Its defeat in 1945 accelerated independence movements across the region, as European powers weakened by the war struggled to reassert colonial control.
The Philippines gained formal independence from the United States on the 11th of April 1946, recognised under the Treaty of Manila. Spain had ceded the territory to the United States through the 1898 Treaty of Paris after the Spanish-American War.
Most Central Asian and Caucasian Soviet republics gained independence in 1991. Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan on the 31st of August, Tajikistan on the 9th of September, Azerbaijan on the 30th of August, Armenia on the 21st of September, and Kazakhstan on the 16th of December 1991.
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste was the last territory to gain internationally recognised independence in Asia, in 2002, under Xanana Gusmao. Its path included a Portuguese colonial period from 1702, a declaration of independence in 1975, and then Indonesian occupation until a UN-sponsored act of self-determination in 1999.