De aquaeductu was written by Sextus Julius Frontinus at the end of the first century AD. Frontinus had been appointed Water Commissioner by the emperor Nerva in AD 96, and the report was addressed to either Nerva or his successor Trajan.
What is De aquaeductu about?
De aquaeductu is a two-book official report on the aqueducts of Rome, covering their history, physical dimensions, discharge rates, water quality, distribution system, maintenance problems, and the laws governing their use. It is the earliest surviving official investigation by a Roman citizen into the city's engineering works.
Which aqueducts does Frontinus describe in De aquaeductu?
Frontinus describes all nine aqueducts serving Rome at the time: the Aqua Marcia, Aqua Appia, Aqua Alsietina, Aqua Tepula, Anio Vetus, Anio Novus, Aqua Virgo, Aqua Claudia, and Aqua Augusta. For each he records its history, size, discharge rate, and water quality.
How was the manuscript of De aquaeductu rediscovered?
The humanist scholar Poggio Bracciolini recovered the manuscript of De aquaeductu from the library at Monte Cassino in 1425. The recovery came just as Renaissance Rome was beginning to revive and needed a dependable source of clean water.
What water theft problem did Frontinus uncover in De aquaeductu?
Frontinus found that farmers, tradesmen, and domestic users had been inserting unauthorized pipes into the aqueduct channels to divert water without official approval. Some inserted pipes of a larger diameter than permitted, taking more than their allotted share. Roman lead pipes were inscribed with owners' names to deter this theft, but the practice continued.
Has De aquaeductu been translated into English?
Charles E. Bennett translated De aquaeductu into English in the 20th century under the title Aqueducts of Rome. That translation was published alongside Frontinus's Strategemata in the Loeb Classical Library.