Short answers, pulled from the story.
David Hume was born on the 7th of May 1711 in a tenement building located on the north side of Edinburgh's Lawnmarket. He entered the University of Edinburgh at an unusually early age, possibly as young as 10 years old when 14 was typical for students of that era.
At around age 18 David Hume experienced a profound mental crisis attributed to a Laziness of Temper lasting approximately nine months before physical symptoms appeared. Scurvy spots broke out on his fingers leading his physician to diagnose him with the Disease of the Learned which required treatment involving courses of Bitters and Anti-Hysteric Pills taken alongside daily consumption of a pint of claret wine.
Attempts to secure academic positions failed due to protests over alleged atheism including rejection for the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh University. William Cleghorn received the position after ministers petitioned the town council against appointing David Hume.
David Hume divided all perceptions of human mind into two distinct kinds called impressions and ideas based on force liveliness and vivacity. Impressions represent original forms of experience such as feeling pain when touching hot pan handle whereas ideas are faint copies derived from those impressions.
The Is-ought problem later known as Hume's Law denies possibility logically deriving what ought from what is. Every system morality author begins stating facts world ends suddenly referring what ought case demanding reason inferring what ought from what is inconceivable relation deduction others.
Immanuel Kant credited David Hume inspiration awakened dogmatic slumbers affecting utilitarianism logical positivism philosophy science early analytic philosophy cognitive science theology fields thinkers. Many commentators since rejected understanding emphasizing epistemological rather semantic reading project consisting knowledge ability conceive restricted experienced.