Short answers, pulled from the story.
Damião de Góis (the 2nd of February 1502 - the 30th of January 1574) was a Portuguese diplomat, historian, musician, and humanist philosopher. He is considered one of the most influential intellectuals of the Portuguese Renaissance, known for his friendship with Erasmus, his travels across Europe, and his pioneering account of Ethiopian Christianity.
Góis met Erasmus in Freiburg in 1533, and in April 1534 Erasmus invited him to live in his household. Góis received assistance from Erasmus in Latin and Greek studies, and influenced Erasmus to address the treatment of Ethiopian Christians and the Sámi people in his Ecclesiastes. The two maintained a close correspondence until Erasmus's death in 1536.
Góis was arrested in 1571 on charges of heresy. Evidence presented against him included his associations with Erasmus and prominent Protestants, and testimony that he had expressed skepticism about Catholic dogmas, including papal infallibility, during debates in Italy decades earlier. He was sentenced to loss of property and indefinite confinement at Batalha Monastery.
In 1540, Góis published Fides, religio, moresque Aethiopum, a study of Ethiopian faith, religion, and mores. The book was widely distributed across Europe in both Catholic and Protestant circles, appearing in successive editions in Paris (1541), Louvain (1544), Leiden (1561), and Cologne (1574). Cardinal Henry of Portugal, as Grand Inquisitor, banned the second half of the essay in Portugal.
Góis attended a sermon by Martin Luther in Wittenberg and dined with Luther and Philip Melanchthon on the same day, during his diplomatic missions across northern Europe. He found Luther personally off-putting but developed a lasting friendship with Melanchthon.
In 1548, King John III appointed Góis as Guarda-Mor, or High Guardian, of the Torre do Tombo, the Royal Archives of Portugal. He held this post while continuing his scholarly writing, which included chronicles of the reigns of King John II and King Manuel I, commissioned by regent Infante Henrique after John III's death in 1557.