Short answers, pulled from the story.
Daniel Appleton opened a general store in Haverhill, Massachusetts before moving operations to Boston on the 13th of May 1813. He imported books from England while running that shop.
Edward L. Youmans edited the International Scientific Series starting in 1872. Popular Science Monthly magazine began publication the same year under his direction.
Stephen Crane published The Red Badge of Courage through D. Appleton & Company in 1895. Lewis Carroll saw Alice's Adventures in Wonderland released by them in 1865 as the first U.S. edition.
On the 2nd of June 1933, D. Appleton & Company merged with The Century Company to form the Appleton-Century Company. That second entity had been founded in 1881.
Daniel died on the 49th day of 1849. His son William Henry Appleton then formed a partnership with four brothers including John Adams Appleton and George Swett Appleton.