Short answers, pulled from the story.
Cyclops was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby. The character first appeared in The X-Men number 1, cover-dated September 1963, as the founding field leader of the team. Lee cited Cyclops as one of his two favorite X-Men, noting that he loved tortured heroes and that Cyclops was tortured by his inability to control his power.
Cyclops emits powerful optic blasts from his eyes that deliver massive concussive force and can rupture steel or punch a hole through a mountain. The blasts fire involuntarily and are contained by ruby-quartz lenses in his visor. His mind also projects a psionic field that makes his body immune to the force of his own beams.
Cyclops has had three serious romantic relationships: Jean Grey, his second wife, who died and was resurrected multiple times; Madelyne Pryor, a clone of Jean Grey whom he married and then abandoned; and Emma Frost, who became his partner after Jean died in New X-Men number 150 in February 2004. X-Factor writer Louise Simonson described Madelyne Pryor as having been a substitute for Jean.
In Avengers vs. X-Men in 2012, the Phoenix Force divided among a group of X-Men called the Phoenix Five, including Cyclops, Emma Frost, Colossus, and Namor. As the other members were subdued, the full Phoenix Force concentrated in Cyclops alone, and he killed Professor X under its influence. Writer Kieron Gillen later depicted Cyclops as suicidal in the five-part epilogue, AvX: Consequences.
James Marsden played Cyclops in 20th Century Fox X-Men films from 2000 through 2014 and is set to return in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Avengers: Doomsday in 2026. Tye Sheridan played a younger version in X-Men: Apocalypse in 2016, Deadpool 2 in 2018, and Dark Phoenix in 2019. Tim Pocock played the character in X-Men Origins: Wolverine in 2009.
Cyclops's real name is Scott Summers. He is the first-born son of Corsair, leader of an alien rebel crew called the Starjammers, and older brother of Havok and Vulcan. Scott was orphaned as a boy when a Shi'ar spacecraft attacked his family's plane over Alaska; his parents gave the only parachute to Scott and his brother Alex before the plane went down.