Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word culture began as a Latin verb meaning to till or cultivate the soil. Roman statesman Cicero used this agricultural metaphor in his Tusculanae Disputationes to describe the cultivation of the soul.
This ability arose around 50,000 years ago during the evolution of behavioral modernity. The concept describes the evolved ability to categorize experiences with symbols and act imaginatively.
Immanuel Kant formulated an individualist definition of enlightenment in 1784. He argued that immaturity comes from a lack of courage to think independently rather than a lack of understanding.
UNESCO coordinates international protection and local implementation alongside partner organizations like Blue Shield International. The United Nations promotes cultural preservation and diversity through declarations and legally-binding conventions.
Stimulus diffusion refers to an element of one culture leading to an invention in another. Direct borrowing tends to refer to technological or tangible diffusion from one culture to another.