Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Court of Augmentations was an English financial court established by Thomas Cromwell in 1536 during the reign of Henry VIII. Its primary function was to administer and sell the lands, buildings, and revenues confiscated from the Roman Catholic Church during the dissolution of the monasteries. It had its own chancellor, treasurer, lawyers, receivers, and auditors.
The Court of Augmentations was founded in 1536 and operated until 1554, when it was incorporated into the Exchequer as the Augmentation Office. In 1547 it merged with the Court of General Surveyors before the final absorption into the Exchequer seven years later.
Thomas Cromwell, chief minister to King Henry VIII, established the Court of Augmentations in 1536. It was created to manage the enormous transfer of Church property to the Crown that followed the dissolution of the monasteries.
Monastic lands passed to the Crown and were generally sold to wealthy lay buyers. The Court of Augmentations managed the sales through a formal process: its auditors produced documents called particulars describing the land, its value, the purchase price, and any restrictions, which were then reviewed and approved by commissioners before a sale warrant was issued.
Waltham Abbey in Essex was the last religious house to be dissolved, falling by 1540. By that year all monasteries, friaries, and other religious houses in England had been dissolved, with their properties transferred to the Crown.
Three lesser financial courts operated alongside the Court of Augmentations: the Court of General Surveyors (1540-1547), the Court of First Fruits and Tenths (1540-1554), and the Court of Wards and Liveries (1540-1660). Together they formed Henry VIII's expanded financial administration for managing Crown and Church revenues.