Short answers, pulled from the story.
Hegel became the first philosopher appointed as a professor by the State in Prussia at the end of 1817. This appointment came through the Prussian Minister of Education following Napoleonic reforms.
Bertrand Russell published his paper On Denoting in 1905 as an exemplar of the new method. This text represents widely recognized proof of conceptual analysis through recent logical developments.
Franz Brentano, Edmund Husserl, Adolf Reinach, and Martin Heidegger developed phenomenology. Edmund Husserl often receives credit as the founding figure due to institutional roots descending directly from phenomenology.
Three divisions exist today: Pacific Central and Eastern each organizing large annual conferences. The Eastern Division Meeting attracts around 2,000 philosophers annually in a different east coast city each December.
A 2018 survey yielded twenty entries led by Philosophical Review and Mind. Noûs appeared third on that list followed by Journal of Philosophy fourth and Analysis tenth.