Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Conservative Party emerged in 1834 following Robert Peel's announcement of the Tamworth Manifesto. This transformation marked a deliberate shift away from the term Tory which previously meant outlaw or robber.
Margaret Thatcher deposed Edward Heath and led her party to victory in the 1979 general election with a manifesto focused on rejecting post-war consensus policies. Her government pursued economic liberalism based on free-market approaches including selling publicly owned industries.
Black Wednesday occurred on the 16th of September 1992 when Britain suspended membership of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. Following this financial crisis approximately one million householders faced repossession during a recession that took unemployment close to three million people.
Liz Truss announced resignation on the 20th of October after only 44 days in office due to severe criticism following her mini-budget. The event caused the pound to fall to a record low of 1.03 against the US dollar prompting Bank of England emergency bond-buying programme.
Kemi Badenoch became leader of the Conservative Party on the 2nd of November 2024. She is the current leader who wins an election invariably becoming Prime Minister under the party's leadership selection process.