Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word communism derives from the Latin root communis, meaning common, combined with the suffix -ism to denote a state or practice of being for the community. Before the 19th century, this term described various social situations and religious communities rather than a political ideology. In 1785, a letter from Victor d'Hupay to Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne marked one of the first modern uses of the word.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published The Communist Manifesto in 1848. The text argued that history is driven by class struggle between the proletariat, the working class who sell their labor, and the bourgeoisie, the owning class that derives profit from private ownership of the means of production. By 1888, Marxists had dropped the term communism, considering it old-fashioned, and instead used socialism.
Joseph Stalin was the longest-serving leader of the Soviet Union and implemented a style of governance known as Stalinism. Before his death in 1953, the Soviet Communist party referred to its own ideology as Marxism, Leninism, Stalinism. Stalin created a leadership system that reflected historic czarist styles of paternalism and repression, where personal loyalty counted for everything.
The Soviet Union was dissolved on the 26th of December 1991 following the fall of the Warsaw Pact after the Revolutions of 1989. Declaration number 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union formally established the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. On the previous day, Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev resigned and handed over its powers to Russian president Boris Yeltsin.
Marxism, Leninism is a political ideology developed by Joseph Stalin that describes the specific political ideology which Stalin implemented in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Its three principles were dialectical materialism, the leading role of the Communist party through democratic centralism, and a planned economy with industrialization and agricultural collectivization. Marxism, Leninism was the official ideology of 20th-century Communist parties and was developed after the death of Lenin.
As of 2023, states controlled by Communist parties under a single-party system include the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Cuba, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Communist parties, or their descendant parties, remain politically important in several other countries. North Korea, the last Communist country that still practices Soviet-style Communism, is both repressive and isolationist.