Short answers, pulled from the story.
The phrase appears for the first time in English within an anonymous editorial published in The Nation Magazine in March 1938 titled Hitler's Cold War. Some writers credit the fourteenth century Spaniard Don Juan Manuel for first using a similar term regarding conflict between Christianity and Islam, though he used tepid rather than cold.
The first use of the term in this sense to describe post-World War II geopolitical tensions between the USSR and its satellites and the United States and its western European allies is attributed to Bernard Baruch. In South Carolina, on the 16th of April 1947, he delivered a speech by journalist Herbert Bayard Swope saying let us not be deceived we are today in the midst of a cold war.
The US-USSR Cold War spans from 1947 to 1991. This period represents the primary historical context where the term gained its most common usage among historians and political analysts while nations interacted without direct military engagement.
At the end of World War II, George Orwell used the term in the essay You and the Atom Bomb published on the 19th of October 1945, in the British magazine Tribune. He warned of a peace that is no peace which he called a permanent cold war regarding the ideological confrontation between the Soviet Union and the Western powers.
Malcolm H. Kerr first coined the term Arab Cold War to refer to a political conflict inside the Arab world between Nasserist republics defending Arab socialism Pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism led by Nasser's Egypt against traditionalist monarchies led by Saudi Arabia. The era defined how nations interacted without direct military engagement while maintaining high levels of ideological hostility across multiple continents for over four decades.