Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ivan III adopted the golden double-headed eagle in his seal first documented in 1472. The image appeared on walls of the Palace of Facets in the Moscow Kremlin around the same time.
The current coat of arms features a golden double-headed eagle with two small crowns and one large crown linked by ribbon. A red shield depicting Saint George slaying a black dragon sits on the eagle's breast while it holds a sceptre and orb.
The government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic adopted a new coat of arms on the 10th of July 1918. This design included wheat symbolizing agriculture, a rising sun representing the future, and a hammer and sickle signifying Communism.
Artist Yevgeny Ukhnalyov designed the image used in both regulatory acts signed by President Boris Yeltsin. Decree No. 2050 approved the current version on the 30th of November 1993.
President Vladimir Putin signed Federal Constitutional Law No. 2 on the 25th of December 2000. This law retained the 1993 version as the state symbol while approving rules for its use.