Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Supreme Court of the Netherlands relied on constitutional law focused on breaches of rights by the state. This ruling confirmed that the government must cut carbon dioxide emissions.
As of December 2022, the number of climate change cases had grown to 2,180 including 1,522 in the U.S. The total count represents a significant increase from previous years.
The Milieudefensie et al v Royal Dutch Shell case was decided in May 2021. The district court ordered Royal Dutch Shell to cut its global carbon emissions by 45% by the end of 2030 compared to 2019 levels.
In December 2024 the Supreme Court in South Africa stopped the plans of the government to add 1,500 megawatts of coal-fired power. The court said it was unlawful and invalid.
The lawsuit was eventually dismissed due to limits of judicial functions under the doctrine of separation of powers. A District Judge Ann Aiken initially ruled that the case had merit to continue before this dismissal occurred.