Short answers, pulled from the story.
Arctic warming is occurring at three to four times the global average rate. The period from 1995 to 2005 was the warmest Arctic decade since at least the 17th century, and since 2013, annual mean surface air temperature has remained at least 1 degree Celsius above the 1981-2010 baseline every year.
The Arctic Ocean is expected to experience its first ice-free summer most likely before 2050, with some projections placing the event as early as the late 2020s or early 2030s. Such an event would have no precedent in the last 700,000 years.
On the 20th of June 2020, a temperature of 38 degrees Celsius was recorded inside the Arctic Circle for the first time. This reading was not expected in the region until at least 2100. An attribution study published in July 2020 found that the responsible heat wave could occur only once in 80,000 years without human-caused warming.
Arctic permafrost holds an estimated 1,460 to 1,600 petagrams of soil organic carbon, where one petagram equals one billion tonnes. That is double the amount of carbon currently contained in the entire atmosphere.
In 2020, Arctic wildfire emissions set a new record, peaking at 244 megatonnes of carbon dioxide. Much of this came from burning peatlands, and the same year the Arctic shifted from a net carbon sink to a net carbon source. The 2020 Siberian heat wave was identified as almost impossible without anthropogenic climate change.
Inuit communities face the loss of sea ice-dependent seal hunting, disrupted reindeer migration routes, and the deterioration of frozen roadways used to transport supplies. Researchers documenting Inuit trails in the Pan Inuit Trails Atlas have confirmed that changes in sea ice formation and breakup have already altered routes used for generations. Inuit communities are described as among the poorest and most unemployed populations in North America, with climate disruption compounding existing pressures.