Short answers, pulled from the story.
The 8th century BC marked a turning point when the earliest Greek alphentic inscriptions appeared on pottery and stone. Before this moment, history existed only as fragmented memory or myth.
Legend states that twin descendants of Trojan prince Aeneas founded Rome on the 21st of April 753 BC as Romulus and Remus. Archaeological evidence shows first settlement traces at the Roman Forum in the mid-8th century BC.
Cleomenes I, king of Sparta, established a pro-Spartan oligarchy led by Isagoras after Spartan troops helped Athenians overthrow tyrant Hippias, son of Peisistratos, in 510 BC.
Theban generals Epaminondas and Pelopidas won a crucial victory at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. This battle marked the end of Spartan supremacy and the beginning of Theban hegemony.
At its maximal extension under Trajan in AD 117, Rome controlled the entire Mediterranean basin plus Gaul, Germania, Britannia, Balkans, Dacia, Asia Minor, Caucasus, and Mesopotamia.
Many writers attempted naming specific dates for antiquity's symbolic end, with most prominent being deposing last Western Emperor in 476. Closing of Platonic Academy occurred under Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I in 529.