Short answers, pulled from the story.
China successfully launched its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, on the 24th of April 1970 aboard a Long March 1 rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. It weighed 173 kilograms and was the heaviest first satellite any nation had placed into orbit at that time. China became the fifth country to independently launch a satellite.
Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut in space, launched aboard Shenzhou-5 on the 15th of October 2003 from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. He completed 14 orbits over more than 21 hours before landing safely in Inner Mongolia the following morning.
Chang'e-4 achieved the world's first soft landing on the far side of the Moon, touching down in the Von Karman crater on the 3rd of January 2019. The Yutu-2 rover deployed shortly after, leaving the first tracks ever made on the lunar far side. The mission team received the IAF World Space Award in 2020.
Chang'e-5 returned 1,731 grams of lunar samples, which landed in Inner Mongolia on the 17th of December 2020. The mission also accomplished the first automated rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit by any nation and the first launch of a spacecraft from an extraterrestrial body by China.
The United States rejected China's 2007 application to join the International Space Station program and later passed the Wolf Amendment, which prohibited NASA from collaborating with Chinese state-affiliated entities. China responded by developing its own space station, Tiangong, which was completed in November 2022.
Long March 5 is China's heavy-lift launch vehicle and the most powerful rocket operating outside the United States. It can lift up to 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit and 14 tonnes to geosynchronous transfer orbit. It has enabled China's space station construction, the Chang'e-5 and Chang'e-6 lunar sample returns, and the Tianwen-1 Mars mission.