Short answers, pulled from the story.
Charles Louis de Marbeuf (the 4th of November 1712 - the 20th of September 1786) was a French general and governor of Corsica who held the rank of colonel of the dragons de Conde and was awarded the grand-cross of the order of Saint Louis. He is historically significant primarily for securing Napoleon Bonaparte's admission to the royal military college at Brienne, a decisive step in Napoleon's early career.
Marbeuf befriended the Bonaparte family during his years governing Corsica and used his influence to obtain a place for Napoleon at the military college at Brienne. Napoleon himself recalled this connection in the Memorial of Saint Helena, the account he dictated during his final exile.
Marbeuf served as interim army commander in Corsica from December 1768 to April 1769, bridging the commands of Chauvelin and the comte de Vaux. He then commanded a corps under Vaux through the campaign that ended at the battle of Ponte Novu, the decisive engagement that broke Corsican resistance to French rule.
Louis XV granted Marbeuf the title of marquis de Cargese in recognition of his service governing Corsica on the king's behalf. The title was directly tied to the village of Cargese, which Marbeuf built in 1774 to house a community of Greek colonists who had been living in Ajaccio.
The rue Marbeuf near the Champs-Elysees is not attributed to a house that Louis Charles Rene de Marbeuf owned in Paris. Despite the shared name, the street's naming does not trace back to him in that way.
Marbeuf died on the 20th of September 1786 in Bastia, Corsica. He had married Catherine Antoinette Salinguerra de Gayardon de Fenoyl in Paris on the 29th of September 1783, just three years before his death.