Short answers, pulled from the story.
Catherine of Aragon was born at the Archbishop's Palace of Alcalá de Henares in the early hours of the 16th of December 1485. She was the youngest surviving child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.
Catherine of Aragon married Arthur, Prince of Wales on the 14th of November 1501 at Old St. Paul's Cathedral. The couple were both 15 years old at the time of their marriage.
Henry appointed Catherine of Aragon Regent in England with the titles Governor of the Realm and Captain General on the 11th of June 1513 while he went to France. She ordered Thomas Lovell to raise an army and successfully oversaw the English victory at the Battle of Flodden Field against the Scots.
Henry VIII sought an annulment because he became enamoured of Anne Boleyn and believed his marriage to Catherine was cursed since she could no longer bear children. He interpreted Leviticus 20:21 to mean that marrying his brother's wife would result in childlessness.
Catherine of Aragon died at Kimbolton Castle Cambridgeshire on the 7th of January 1536. She had been confined to one room there where she fasted continuously and dressed only in the hair shirt of the Franciscans.