Short answers, pulled from the story.
Carlo Maderno (1556-1629) was an Italian architect born in Capolago, in today's Ticino, Switzerland. He is considered one of the fathers of Baroque architecture, known especially for the facades of Santa Susanna, St. Peter's Basilica, and Sant'Andrea della Valle, which were central to the evolution of Italian Baroque style.
Maderno served as chief architect of St. Peter's Basilica under Pope Paul V. He extended Michelangelo's Greek cross plan into a Latin cross by adding a nave, and completed the palatial facade in 1612. He also built the Confessio, a crypt-like space under the dome, featuring 95 perpetually burning bronze lamps.
Maderno's facade for Santa Susanna, built between 1597 and 1603, was among the first Baroque facades to break with Mannerist conventions exemplified by the Gesù. It introduced a dynamic rhythm of columns and pilasters with a protruding central bay and concentrated decoration, balancing classical rigour with a new sense of movement.
The dome of Sant'Andrea della Valle was designed and executed by Carlo Maderno. It is the third largest dome in Rome, after St. Peter's and the Pantheon. Giovanni Lanfranco frescoed its interior between 1621 and 1625.
Carlo Maderno is buried in the church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini in Rome, the same church whose dome and main body he directed after taking over the project following the death of Giacomo della Porta in 1602. He died on the 31st of January 1629 at the age of 73.
Both Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini worked on the Palazzo Barberini, a project Maderno began in 1628. Their contributions were added to Maderno's structure, and both architects were directly influenced by his approach to surface, light, and movement.