Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word caricature literally means a loaded portrait and is derived from the Italian verb caricare to charge or load. This definition was first recorded in the English doctor Thomas Browne's Christian Morals published posthumously in 1716.
The Rococo artist Pier Leone Ghezzi is now widely considered the father of modern caricature. He popularized the genre within Italian aristocratic circles before the fashion spread to Britain via visitors returning from the Grand Tour.
William Hogarth's contemporary James Gillray created The Plumb-pudding in danger from 1805. This work was eventually voted the most famous of all UK political cartoons during the turbulent period of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars.
The London weekly magazine Vanity Fair published its famous caricatures of famous people in society from 1868 to 1914. Artists like Carlo Pellegrini worked under the pseudonym Ape to produce weekly full-page portraits of leading celebrities, politicians, and athletes.
A milestone in formally defining caricature occurred in 1982 when Susan Brennan submitted her master's thesis at the MIT Media Lab titled The Caricature Generator. Her system formalized caricature as the process of exaggerating differences from an average face.
The first museum of caricature in the Arab world was opened in March 2009 at Fayoum, Egypt. This institution joins other museums dedicated to caricature throughout the world such as the Museo de la Caricatura of Mexico City and the Muzeum Karykatury in Warsaw.