Short answers, pulled from the story.
Carbon farming is a set of agricultural methods that aim to store carbon in the soil and biomass through the process known as carbon sequestration. This method increases the rate at which carbon is captured into plant material and soil organic matter to create a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere.
Globally, soils are estimated to contain more than 8580 gigatons of organic carbon, which is about ten times the amount found in the atmosphere. About half of this soil carbon exists within deep soils where approximately 90% is stabilized by mineral and organic associations.
Australia started a cap-and-trade program in 2011 that allows farmers who sequester carbon to sell carbon credits to companies needing offsets. The country's Direct Action Plan identifies bio-sequestration and the replenishment of soil carbons as the single largest opportunity for CO2 emissions reduction.
Governments in Australia and New Zealand are considering allowing farmers to sell carbon credits after documenting increased soil carbon content. Canada allocated CAD$885M between 2021 and 2031 to adopt climate solutions in agriculture under the Natural Climate Solutions Fund while France leads the four per 1,000 initiative to increase soil carbon by 0.4% annually.
A bamboo forest stores less total carbon than most mature forests but can surpass agroforests, palm oil plantations, grasslands, and shrublands in total stored carbon. Bamboo plantations sequester carbon at a faster rate than mature forests when they are new or actively managed with selective harvesting practices.