Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word cancer originates from the ancient Greek term karkinos, meaning crab, a name bestowed by Hippocrates over two thousand years ago because the swollen veins around a tumor resembled the legs of a crustacean.
The earliest written record of the disease appears in the Edwin Smith Papyrus, an Egyptian text from around 1600 BC that describes breast cancer, marking the beginning of a medical struggle that has persisted through every era of human existence.
The majority of cancers, some 90 to 95 percent of cases, are due to genetic mutations from environmental and lifestyle factors rather than inherited genetics.
In 2019, there were 10 million deaths worldwide from cancer, representing over the previous decade increases of 21 percent.
The Philadelphia chromosome is a translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22 that occurs in chronic myelogenous leukemia and results in the production of the BCR-abl fusion protein, an oncogenic tyrosine kinase.
The global economic cost of cancer reached an estimated 1.16 trillion US dollars per year, highlighting the immense burden the disease places on societies and individuals alike.