Short answers, pulled from the story.
Buland Darwaza means "Door of Victory" in Persian. Akbar built it in 1573 to commemorate his conquest of Gujarat; it was not part of the original design of the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri but was added as a monument to that military achievement.
Buland Darwaza stands 54 metres high from ground level, with the gate itself measuring 40 metres high and 51 metres wide. The total height above the pavement is 176 feet. It is recognised as the highest gateway in the world.
Buland Darwaza is located at Fatehpur Sikri, which is 43 kilometres from Agra, India. It serves as both the main entrance to the Jama Masjid and the southern entrance to the city of Fatehpur Sikri.
The main gateway carries an inscription in Persian quoting words attributed to Jesus: "The world is a Bridge, pass over it, but build no houses upon it. He who hopes for a day may hope for eternity, but the World endures but an hour. Spend it in prayer for the rest is unseen." A separate Persian inscription on the eastern archway records Akbar's conquest of Gujarat in 1573.
The Quranic verses along the top of the gateway were drawn in Naskh script by Khwaja Hussain Chishti, a disciple of Sheikh Salim Chishti.
Buland Darwaza is made primarily of red and buff sandstone. The sandstone spandrels are framed in white marble, and the gateway also features inlay work in white and black marble at decorative points across the structure.