Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Bourbon Restoration began on the 6th of April 1814 when armies of the Sixth Coalition marched into Paris and restored Louis XVIII to the throne. This event marked the end of Napoleon's First Empire and started a period of fragile peace for France.
Voting rights under the Charter of 1814 were limited to men who paid at least 300 francs in direct taxes annually. Only about 1% of the population could vote because the franchise was restricted to those with considerable property holdings.
The pro-Bourbon perpetrators became known as the Verdets because they wore green cockets which was the color of the Count of Artois. This hardline faction pushed for a restoration of privileges that went beyond what Louis XVIII desired and sacked between 50,000 and 80,000 civil servants.
Economic conditions worsened due to progressively failing grain harvests that pushed up prices on staple foods and cash crops. Charles X kept protective tariffs in place despite pressure from wealthier landowners and workers living on the margin suffered greatly from rising food prices.
Charles X issued four decrees known as the Four Ordinances that dissolved the Chamber of Deputies and suspended liberty of the press. The king finally abdicated on the 30th of July 1830 after twenty minutes his son also abdicated and the newly empowered Chamber of Deputies elevated Louis-Philippe to power on the 9th of August 1830.