Short answers, pulled from the story.
English Puritan settlers led by John Winthrop arrived on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 to establish a new settlement. Isaac Johnson named this place Boston after his hometown of Boston in Lincolnshire, England.
The Battles of Lexington and Concord began the American Revolutionary War on the 19th of April 1775 near Boston. During the siege that followed, Patriot militia impeded movement by the British Army for over a year.
Workers filled nearly all brackish Charles River marshlands west of Boston Common with gravel brought by rail from Needham Heights hills between 1830 and 1912. This massive land reclamation project tripled the city's area between 1631 and 1890.
Italians became the largest inhabitants of the North End while Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown. Russian Jews resided primarily in the West End and these groups brought Roman Catholicism which now constitutes Boston's largest religious community.
Fenway Park opened in 1912 near Kenmore Square serving as home to the Boston Red Sox baseball team. It stands as the oldest sports arena or stadium still in active use among America's four major professional leagues.