Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Bosporan Kingdom was an ancient Greco-Scythian state centered on the Strait of Kerch, spanning eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula. It is often called the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus after the ancient name for the strait that formed its geographic core.
The Bosporan Kingdom lasted approximately from 480 BC to around AD 527, making it the longest surviving Roman client kingdom in history. Its final phase ended when the emperor Justinian sent armies to the region after a revolt killed the local ruler Gordas in 527.
The Spartocid dynasty was founded by Spartocus, who seized power in 438 BC from the ruling Archaeanactidae family. Historians now believe Spartocus was likely of Greco-Scythian descent rather than purely Thracian as traditionally assumed. The dynasty endured until around 110 BC.
The Bosporan Kingdom's prosperity rested on exports of wheat, fish, and slaves. Grain was the most strategically important export; the Spartocids traded it with Athens in exchange for mainland goods and silver, particularly during the period of Athenian strain caused by the Peloponnesian War.
The finest surviving objects from the Bosporan Kingdom are held in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. They include gold work, Athenian-imported vases, terracottas, textile fragments, and examples of carpentry and marquetry, most recovered from burial mounds called kurgans. Gold staters from Panticapaeum bearing the head of Pan and a griffin are especially noted for their quality.
The traditional account that the Goths and Huns destroyed the kingdom after 341 lacks concrete evidence. An inscription by a ruler named Douptounos dated to around 483 suggests the kingdom continued long after that date. Direct Byzantine imperial control was established after 527, when Emperor Justinian sent armies following the death of the Hunnic ruler Gordas in a local revolt.