Short answers, pulled from the story.
Satyendra Nath Bose presented his lecture in 1924. He was standing before students at the University of Dhaka in British India during this presentation.
The paper appeared in 1924 after Einstein personally translated the English text into German for publication. This occurred following a negative referee report from Philosophical Magazine.
Particles obeying these statistics possess integer values of spin and do not follow Pauli exclusion principle restrictions. An unlimited number of them can condense into the same energy state.
Experimental confirmation arrived decades later in 1995. Scientists observed this transition by cooling atoms to near absolute zero to create a new form of matter where wavefunctions merge completely.
Bose-Einstein distribution describes how many particles occupy a given energy level while the chemical potential remains zero for photon gases. Temperature determines whether quantum or classical behavior dominates the system under these conditions.