Short answers, pulled from the story.
Albert Einstein first predicted the Bose-Einstein condensate in 1924-1925, building on a pioneering paper about quantum statistics sent to him by Satyendra Nath Bose. Einstein translated Bose's paper from English into German and submitted it to the Zeitschrift fur Physik, then extended Bose's ideas to matter in two further papers.
The first gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate was created on the 5th of June 1995 by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado at Boulder. They cooled approximately two thousand rubidium-87 atoms to 170 nanokelvins using a combination of laser cooling and magnetic evaporative cooling.
Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, and Wolfgang Ketterle shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics for achieving Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates. Ketterle, working at MIT, produced a BEC of sodium atoms later in 1995.
Bose-Einstein condensates form at temperatures very close to absolute zero, typically in the nanokelvin range for dilute atomic gases. The first rubidium condensate was created at 170 nanokelvins. The exact critical temperature depends on the density and mass of the particles involved.
Fritz London proposed in 1938 that Bose-Einstein condensation is the underlying mechanism for superfluidity in helium-4. Superfluid helium-4 loses all viscosity below 2.17 K, and Bose-Einstein condensation remains fundamental to those superfluid properties, even though interactions in liquid helium are strong enough that only about 8% of atoms are in the condensed fraction near absolute zero.
Yes. A team led by Ernst M. Rasel from Leibniz University Hannover first demonstrated BEC in weightlessness in 2008 at a drop tower in Bremen, Germany. The same team achieved the first BEC created in space in 2017. In June 2020, the Cold Atom Laboratory on the International Space Station created a BEC of rubidium atoms and observed them in free fall for over a second.