Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Etruscan settlement of Felsina emerged in the 6th century BCE, marking the earliest known human habitation at this site. Roman forces later established Bononia as a colony and municipium by 196 BCE.
Scholar Irnerius began teaching medieval Roman law around 1088, creating what is conventionally considered the world's oldest continuously operating university. This Studium started as a loosely organized system where masters collected fees from students individually.
A massive aerial bombardment on the 24th of July 1943 destroyed significant parts of the historic city center and killed about 200 people. Forty-four percent of buildings in the center were listed as destroyed or severely damaged after this initial strike.
Rioting linked to the Movement of 1977 erupted after police shot far-left activist Francesco Lorusso. Two days of street clashes followed this tragic incident.
Some 38 kilometers of porticoes stretch through the city's historical center, allowing pedestrians to walk long distances sheltered from weather elements. The Portico di San Luca connects Porta Saragozza with the Sanctuary of Madonna di San Luca on a hill overlooking the town.