Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Pali term Bodhipakkhiyādhammā describes qualities conducive to awakening. This compound word combines bodhi meaning understanding or enlightenment with pakkhiya indicating something that leads toward it.
There is a total of thirty-seven repetitious and interrelated factors listed in the Pali Canon. These qualities function as wholesome states developed when the mind undergoes training.
The term Bodhipakkhiyādhammā first appears explicitly in the Pali commentaries rather than the canonical discourses themselves. A search of the Sinhala SLTP tipitaka using the La Trobe University search engine reveals only nine specific discourses containing the compound term.
Faith, energy, mindfulness, concentration, and wisdom form the backbone of the training factors that recur most frequently in the texts. Faith appears twice among the seven sets while energy appears nine times according to the Visuddhimagga ordering.
A sutta found in The Senior Collection of Gandhāran Buddhist texts assigns forty-one beneficial dharmas instead of thirty-seven. This Gandharan text includes an extra quality that the Pali tradition does not contain.