Short answers, pulled from the story.
Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment in 534 BCE while sitting beneath a tree by the Lilājan River. This event marked his complete freedom from lust, hatred, and delusion after six years of self-mortification.
Emperor Asoka visited Bodh Gayā in approximately 250 BCE and established a monastery and shrine to honor the location. Representations of this early temple appear on torana gates at Sanchi dating from around 25 BCE.
Muslim Turk armies led by Qutb al-Din Aibak invaded Bodh Gayā in the 12th century, and Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed nearby regions during the same campaign. Local chieftains called Pithipatis of Magadha controlled the area from the 11th to 13th centuries before the site suffered destruction following these military campaigns.
The Sujata Temple commemorates when a village woman named Sujata offered Siddhartha Gautama milk and rice near banks of the Niranjana River. This nourishment ended seven years of fasting and allowed him to pursue the Middle Path.
A low-intensity bomb blast struck the Mahabodhi Temple complex on the 7th of July 2013 at 5:15 a.m. Nine additional blasts followed, injuring one Tibetan monk and one Burmese monk before five suspects were sentenced to life imprisonment on the 1st of June 2018.