Short answers, pulled from the story.
The King's School Canterbury dates its foundation to the development of the monastery school in around 597 AD. This institution is arguably the world's oldest boarding school and marks the beginning of a tradition spanning over fourteen centuries.
Winchester College founded by Bishop William of Wykeham in 1382 and Oswestry School founded by David Holbache in 1407 are the oldest boarding schools in continuous operation. These institutions survived the dissolution of monastic schools under Henry VIII and maintained their status through centuries of educational evolution.
The United States government undertook a policy of educating Native American youth in the ways of the dominant Western culture to facilitate assimilation into Western society. These government-managed institutions subjected students to tactics that separated boys and girls and taught skills aligned with Victorian ideals rather than indigenous matrilineal systems.
The term boarding school syndrome was coined by psychotherapist Joy Schaverien in 2011. It identifies a set of lasting psychological problems observable in adults who were sent away to boarding schools at an early age.
Some of the oldest remaining academies include West Nottingham Academy established in 1744, Linden Hall established in 1756, The Governor's Academy established in 1763, Phillips Academy established in 1778, and Phillips Exeter Academy established in 1781. These semi-public boarding schools were often sponsored and subsidized by states like Massachusetts to educate rural students before universal public education.
There were about 100,000 boarding schools in rural areas of Mainland China with about 33 million children living in them. The majority of these schools are located in western China where many migrant workers and farmers send their children to boarding schools.