Short answers, pulled from the story.
The phrase Black Friday first appeared in 1869 to describe a financial disaster involving financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk who manipulated the gold market. This event caused prices to drop by 18% after President Grant ordered the Treasury to release gold.
The earliest known use of Black Friday to refer to the day after Thanksgiving occurred in November 1951 within the journal Factory Management and Maintenance. Police in Philadelphia and Rochester used the terms Black Friday and Black Saturday around that time to describe heavy crowds and traffic congestion during the Christmas shopping season.
Black Friday deals started in Egypt in 2014 as White Friday due to religious, traditional, and cultural concepts. Local e-commerce platform noon.com created Yellow Friday Sale in Saudi Arabia starting in 2014 and again in the U.A.E. in 2018 for similar reasons.
A crowd of approximately 2,000 shoppers waited outside for the 5:00 opening of the local Walmart on Black Friday 2008 when the doors opened and broke down. Employee Jdimytai Damour was trampled to death while other shoppers continued to push forward without halting their charge.
In 2022, 48% of online sales are made through smartphones up from 44% in 2021. Consumers spent a record $9.12 billion shopping online during Black Friday this year according to Adobe shopping data.