Short answers, pulled from the story.
Biodiversity is the variability of life on Earth, encompassing the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems within a region. It includes genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and phylogenetic diversity.
The Permian Triassic extinction event occurred 251 million years ago and caused vertebrate recovery to take 30 million years. This event was the worst of the six major mass extinctions in Earth's history.
The planet has lost 58% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2016 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish across the globe is about half the size it was 40 years ago.
A May 2016 scientific report estimates that 1 trillion species are currently on Earth, with only one-thousandth of one percent described. Estimates by Mora et al. in 2011 suggest there are approximately 8.7 million terrestrial species and 2.2 million oceanic species.
At the moment of adoption in December 2022, 17% of land territory and 10% of ocean territory were protected. Almost 200 countries adopted the target of protecting 30% of the area of the planet by the year 2030 during the 2022 United Nations Biodiversity Conference.
The European Union published its Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 in May 2020, which includes targets to protect 30% of the sea territory and 30% of the land territory. The strategy also aims to restore at least 25,000 kilometers of rivers and reduce the use of pesticides by 50% by 2030.