Short answers, pulled from the story.
Bertrand Russell was born on the 18th of May 1872 at Ravenscroft in Trellech, Monmouthshire, and died on the 2nd of February 1970 at his home in Penrhyndeudraeth, Wales, at the age of 97. His body was cremated at Colwyn Bay on the 5th of February 1970 with five people present, and his ashes were scattered over the Welsh mountains.
Bertrand Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950 in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought. The prize was awarded the year after he received the Order of Merit in the King's Birthday Honours of the 9th of June 1949.
Principia Mathematica is a three-volume work co-authored by Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, published between 1910 and 1913. It is considered a milestone in the development of classical logic and was a major attempt to reduce the whole of mathematics to logic, extending the thesis of logicism that Russell had advanced in The Principles of Mathematics in 1903.
Bertrand Russell was imprisoned at least twice for his political convictions. In 1918 he served six months in Brixton Prison for publicly lecturing against inviting the United States into the First World War, convicted under the Defence of the Realm Act. In September 1961, at the age of 89, he was jailed for seven days in Brixton Prison after taking part in an anti-nuclear demonstration in London.
The Russell-Einstein Manifesto, issued in 1955, was a document calling for nuclear disarmament and was signed by eleven prominent nuclear physicists and intellectuals of the time. It formed a key part of Russell's decades-long campaign against nuclear weapons, which also included forming the Committee of 100 in 1960 and organising the Russell Vietnam War Crimes Tribunal alongside Jean-Paul Sartre from 1966 to 1967.
Bertrand Russell is credited as one of the founders of analytic philosophy, alongside Gottlob Frege, G. E. Moore, and his student Ludwig Wittgenstein. Together with Moore, Russell led what became known as the British revolt against idealism, and his 1905 essay "On Denoting" has been called a paradigm of philosophy. His collaboration with Whitehead on Principia Mathematica and his work on logic and set theory were central to shaping the analytic tradition.