Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Bengal Renaissance is generally dated from the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. Many historians trace its start to the British East India Company's victory at the 1757 Battle of Plassey, while Nitish Sengupta has written that the movement can be said to have ended with Rabindranath Tagore, Asia's first Nobel laureate.
Raja Rammohan Roy, born in 1772, is considered the "Father of the Indian Renaissance" and the central founding figure of the Bengal Renaissance. He cofounded the Hindu College in Calcutta in 1817 and by 1829 had cofounded the Brahmo Sabha, a socioreligious reform movement later renamed the Brahmo Samaj.
The Bengal School of Art was an art movement and style of Indian painting that originated in Bengal and flourished in British India in the early twentieth century. It was associated with Indian nationalism and led by Abanindranath Tagore. It emerged partly in response to controversies over the British art teacher Ernest Binfield Havell's attempt to have students at the Calcutta School of Art imitate Mughal miniatures.
The Bengal Renaissance produced a number of major scientists, including Jagadish Chandra Bose, who lived from 1858 to 1937 and pioneered radio and microwave optics, invented the crescograph, and is considered one of the fathers of radio science. Other figures include Satyendra Nath Bose, Meghnad Saha, Prafulla Chandra Ray, and Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, working across physics, chemistry, statistics, and medicine.
Bengali Muslims played a transformative role in the Bengal Renaissance alongside the movement's predominantly Hindu leadership. Notable figures include poet Kazi Nazrul Islam, Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy, and reformer Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain. The Freedom of Intellect Movement, founded in 1926, specifically challenged social customs and dogmas within Bengali Muslim society.
Education expanded significantly, shifting from village schools, madrasas, and Sanskrit tols to include European-style institutions. In 1817, Presidency University was founded in Calcutta as the only European-style institution of higher learning in Asia at the time. Institutions founded during the period include the Hindu School, described as the oldest modern educational institution in Asia, the University of Calcutta, Jadavpur University, and the University of Dhaka, the oldest university in Bangladesh.